ABOUT CRYSTAL SPRING COUNTRY ESTATE

Enjoy ultimate privacy throughout this enchanting 119-acre gated country estate. The blend of agricultural fields and a mature hardwood forest is ideal for experiencing many recreational activities including equestrian, raising livestock – crops – gardens, hiking, nature viewing, and stargazing…… One and all feel right at home in this approximately 7,000 square foot custom built – modern country home, exquisitely designed to perfection, with attention given to every detail. Splendidly situated on a high ridge in the quiet Cloverdale community, overlooking the New River Valley and far distant East River Mountain Range. Located 30 miles from Blacksburg VA and 75 miles from Roanoke, this home is great for those relocating or commuting. This home is an entertainer’s delight. This property has taken years of intricate planning, many professionals to craft this amazing one of a kind home and attendant outbuildings. Using only the best ceramic tile, granite, Appalachian oak flooring and moldings, no detail has been left undone.

LOCATION

Google Coordinates: 37.443495°(N), -80.810144°(W)
Address: 205 Worship Way, Peterstown, WV 24963
Elevation Range: 1930 ft. to 2213 ft. +/-

HIGHLIGHTS

• 7,000 square foot +/- custom built modern country estate home
• 119 deeded acres with some 40 acres fields and 80 acres mature woodlands
• 5 bedrooms, 5 ½ baths with a total of 15 rooms
• 10 minutes to the New River and Bluestone Lake
• 36’x60’ barn with attached machine shed, several other outbuildings
• One of Monroe County’s most beautiful country estates
• Two dashed blue line tributary of Crooked Run flows thru the property for about ½ mile
• All mineral rights in title will convey
• Modern survey is on file
• 4 miles of quality farm fencing in place
• Farmland management increases carrying capacity and extends the grazing season
• Rich and diverse resident wildlife population unrivaled in the region
• Minutes to Peterstown, historic Union and an easy drive to Roanoke’s jet airport
• 2 farm ponds provide, swimming, ice skating and a nature viewing site
• Dynamic forest with some old growth trees estimated to be 200-300 years old
• Patches of forest intertwine with the farm fields creating an exciting recreational property
• Farm and forest roads wind through the property providing superior access
• Wildlife program enhances habitat, increases diversity, promotes health of the resident wildlife
• A rewarding permaculture lifestyle can be easily developed
• Superior access by state maintained paved roads – FedEx, UPS and USPS delivery
• Cell phone coverage is excellent in most areas with 4G service
• 1400’ newly paved private driveway through the estate leading to the home
• Darkest of skies with little light pollution for star-planet gazing & astrophotography
• Sedges, rushes, ferns, songbirds, frogs, turtles, & crawdads populate the ponds and wetlands
• Located in peaceful Monroe County just 10 minutes to Peterstown
• Timber species include beautiful oaks, black walnut, poplar, maple and hickories
• Fur bearing – deer, black bear, squirrel, rabbit, bobcat, raccoon, fox, chipmunk, opossum
• Winged wildlife – eagles, hawks, owls, ravens, turkeys and Neotropical songbirds
• Agricultural grasses coupled with the forest produce life-giving Oxygen and sequester Carbon dioxide
• Spectacular long-range views across the New River Valley and distant East River Mountain Range
• Perfect for recreational activities including shooting sports, ATV riding, horseback riding, hiking, camping, hunting and nature viewing
• Low taxes, low population density
• Scenic, cultural, and historic values of Crystal Spring provide exceptional quality of life values

THE HOME AT CRYSTAL SPRING

HOME HIGHLIGHTS

• Custom built in 2009
• Huge 3-story country estate-style home
• 7,078 sq. ft.
• Large covered front and back porches
• Exterior: brick
• Roof: Metal
• Foundation: block and brick
• Heating – Air Conditioning: electric heat pump and outdoor wood burner
• Large native field stone wood-burning fireplace
• Open concept design
• Large kitchen with custom cabinetry and granite countertops
• Huge kitchen island
• Kitchen breakfast nook
• Formal dining room
• Flooring: Appalachian red oak hardwood and ceramic tile
• Walls: drywall and wood wainscoting
• Beautiful oak trim throughout
• Oak crown molding
• First floor large master bedroom with tray ceiling
• Large 4-piece master bath with jetted tub and granite countertop
• Finished basement with kitchenette, ¾ bath, safe room, fireplace
• Additional storage in attic
• Main floor sq. ft. = 2,242
• Upper floor sq. ft. = 1,418
• Lower level finished = 2,533
• Total rooms = 15
• 5 bedrooms
• 5 full baths; 1 ½ bath
• Appliances to convey = Range/oven, refrigerator, microwave, dishwasher, dryer, washer
• Two-car attached garage
• 36’x60 Barn with attached machine shed
• 4 additional outbuildings (hay shed, 2 storage sheds, chicken coup)
• Paved driveway and custom iron gated entrance
• Professionally designed and maintained landscaping
• Long distant mountain views

Room Dimensions:

• Living Room = 13’4” x 12’8”
• Family Room = 16’8” x 25’4”
• Dining Room = 17’0” x 12’8”
• Kitchen = 14’8” x 23’4”
• Laundry = 9’8” x 8’10”
• Master Bedroom = 20’9” x 14’4” (Main)
• Bedroom = 13’4” x 12’8” (Upper)
• Bedroom = 13’4” x 12’8” (Upper)
• Bedroom = 14’4” x 12’8” (Upper)
• Bedroom = 15’2” x 23’ (Upper)

Kitchen Appliances:

Refrigerator and dishwasher – Samsung
Electric stove-microwave combination – General Electric
Washer and Dryer – Samsung
Hot water tank 50-gallon electric – Whirlpool
Whole House Humidifier – April Aire

HOME CONSTRUCTION

The home’s architectural design was created by Donald A. Gardner Architects, Inc., Greenville South Carolina, USA.

Custom home builder, Ridge Runner Construction, Peterstown WV, was selected as the general contractor for the construction of the home and attendant buildings.

Moldings and doors were handcrafted in the custom woodworking shop of Quality Woods Inc, located in Eleanor WV. The highest quality kiln dried Appalachian Red Oak was utilized to produce the Casings, Baseboards, Chair rails, Crowns, Doors, Cabinetry, Wainscoting, Bookcases, Mantel and Stairs.

The notable hardwood floors are solid Appalachian Red Oak and were manufactured by B.A. Mullican Flooring in Ronceverte, WV. The floors were meticulously laid by local professional installer, Shires Flooring Co.

All the windows throughout the home are the top ranking, no maintenance, Andersen 400 Series vinyl clad windows.

The high-quality Hickory kitchen cabinets are manufactured by the Kraft Made Cabinetry Company in Ohio, USA. Lifetime Warranty.

Two Rheem Heat pumps – 3 ton – 16 Seers – (Prestige Series) provide heating and cooling and are zoned. Zone #1 for the lower level-main level and Zone #2 for the upper level.  Insulation is sprayed foam.

Hardy Outside Wood-Fired Hydronic Heater – Model H4. All stainless steel. Rated at 180,000 BTU – heats 6,000 to 7,000 square feet. Boiler heats hot water that then circulates through coils in the heat pump. Manufactured in Philadelphia, Mississippi, USA.

The two woodburning fireplaces (main level and lower level) were constructed with field stone gathered from the property. Dark colored grout was selected to showcase the variations of color in each stone.

The soapstone stove in the lower level will be included in the sale. Andirons do not convey.

Ceramic tile for the bathrooms and lower level sourced at Raleigh Tile in Princeton, WV. The tile was laid by professional installer, Teddy Meadows.

A “Safe Room” created in the lower level (a primary metal door needs to be installed).

Handcrafted metal entry gates were designed and created by a well-known local Blacksmith, Lewis Buckland.  The gates are opened and closed by a solar powered electric motor.

Whimsical concrete cows and tigers welcome visitors from their posts upon the brick entry pillars. These delightful statues were sourced in a specialty shop in North Carolina and then hand-painted to mirror the owner’s warm and joyful outlook on life.

ROOF

Firestone’s commercial grade metal roofing system. This system was chosen to accommodate the complex architectural geometry of the home’s design. Warranted UNA-CLAD™ interlocking roofing panels were formed and mechanically seamed onsite. The seams allow for varying levels of thermal expansion, water resistance, uplift, and more. Warranty – 50 years.

BRICK, CONCRETE & BLOCK

The striking exterior brick was handmade by the Old Virginia Brick Company in Salem Virginia. 30,000 bricks were used in the construction of this fine custom-built home. The brick is similar to that used by Thomas Jefferson in the construction of Monticello in 1772. Created in wooden forms, each brick is unique and requires the “Grapevine” style mortar joint to accommodate the small variance in the size and shape of the brick. Masonry masters (and brothers), Ronnie, Gary and Tony Brown laid the brick.

The Brown’s poured 110 yards of concrete to form the driveway, lower level floor, and garage floor. 5/8th inch rebar was wired in a 12”x12” inside the forms before the concrete was poured. The two porch floors are concrete and underlain with steel panels. The Brown’s also laid the foundation block – inserted rebar vertically and grouted the holes of the block with concrete.

SEPTIC SYSTEM

Two – 1000 gallon concrete septic tanks were installed with permits issued by the Monroe County Health Department. Both tanks have individual drain fields and separate cleanouts. One tank processes the sinks and laundry water (gray water). The other tank processes the household waste water (black water). Rural homeowners with individual sewage disposal septic systems commonly divert the washing machine water away from their septic tank.

GARAGE

• 23’X40’
• Accommodates 2 car with additional storage area
• Concrete floor
• 2 – All Star “Coach House” style garage doors. – MVP Chain driven ¼ HP

EXTERIOR BUILDINGS & IMPROVEMENTS

BARN INFORMATION

• 36’x60’ with attached 15’x60 machine shed
• Post and beam construction
• Farm manager’s office built inside the barn – heated
• 12’x18’ front garage door
• 2- 12’x18’ rear swinging doors provide access through the barn
• 6” Owens Corning Fiberglass insulation
• Water installed
• 200 amp electric service with separate meter
• Siding – Board and Batten 5/4”X12” custom sawn Eastern Hemlock – sourced in Craigsville, WV
• Dutch gable design roof – 28 gauge tin – ridge to ridge – no splices – charcoal grey – hay mow

OTHER OUTBUILDINGS AND EXTERIOR FEATURES

• Outbuilding – 12’ x 32’
• Hay shed – 24’ x 36’
• Chicken Coup -House – 10’ x 14’
• Storage building – 14’ x 18’
• Koi pond
• 1400’ newly paved asphalt driveway
• Fenced yard
• 3 miles of 7 strand high tensile fencing
• ½ mile woven wire fencing
• 2 stock farm ponds

UTILITIES

Water: Public water provided by Red Sulphur PSD
Sewer: private septic system
Electricity: onsite – underground- Appalachian Power Co – metered separately for house & barn
Telephone: onsite service – no landline phone installed but can be if desired
Internet: Frontier cable installed
Cellphone Coverage: coverage is excellent to sometimes spotty – depending on one’s location on the property due to the varying mountain terrain. Texting and 4G service is the same.
Trash pickup: Empire Trash Company

WATER

The property contains the headwaters of two blue line streams that are tributaries to Crooked Run. The western stream is on the property for about ½ mile. The eastern stream is on the property for about 3/10 mile. The streams should have frequent water flow, especially during periods of rainfall and snow melt.

MINERAL RESOURCES

West Virginia is one of the states in the US that has two ownership titles, those being SURFACE RIGHTS and MINERAL RIGHTS. A title search for mineral rights ownership has not been conducted. All rights in title will be conveyed by the owner. A mineral title search could be conducted by a title attorney at the same time when the surface title search is being conducted.

BOUNDARIES AND SURVEY

The property deed contains a metes and bounds description of the whole parent property that was derived from a boundary survey performed in 2006. An area sold from the original property and an area being reserved are both determined by more recent boundary surveys. Some of the boundary is evidenced by fencing. The property is being sold by the boundary and not by the acre.

ACCESS/FRONTAGE

The property is accessed by Worship Lane.

ZONING

There is currently no county zoning in Monroe County. All prospective purchasers are encouraged to contact the Monroe County Health Department for answers regarding installation of septic systems and water wells. Further information on county zoning may be answered by contacting the Monroe County Commission.

PROPERTY TYPE/USE SUMMARY

The property is comprised of the fenced home grounds, a fenced garden area, two fenced pasture areas (7 acres and 3 acres), and about 30 acres of open/semi wooded grazing fields, about 79 acres of forestland, and 2 stock watering ponds.

(This summary is an estimation of current property use as determined from aerial photography. It is made subject to the estimation of property boundaries and any errors in the interpretation of land use type from the aerial photography utilized.)

DEED AND TAX INFORMATION

Deed Information: DB 250 Pg. 157 (less outconveyance DB 283 PG 116), and less area being reserved
Monroe County, West Virginia

Acreage: 118.914 acres +/- (after removing the outconveyance and the area being reserved)
Real Estate Tax ID/Acreage/Taxes:

Monroe County (32), West Virginia
Red Sulphur District (3)

Tax Map 20 Parcel 63

2020 Real Estate Taxes: $2,884.00 before removing the reservation.

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

Crystal Spring consists of about 40 acres of pasture and cropland.

There are about 3 miles high tensile electric fence and about ½ mile of woven wire fence. Polyvinyl board fencing is used in the residential area. There are 2 farm ponds in place.

The ongoing grassland management program is designed to increase carrying capacity and extend the grazing season.

The well-maintained grasslands also conserve water and filter out manure and nutrients, keeping them from entering nearby water bodies, protecting water quality, human health, and animal health.

RECREATION AT CRYSTAL SPRING

Crystal Spring offers matchless recreational opportunities. Numerous soft recreational activities are anchored by the proximity to the Greenbrier River, New River, and Bluestone Lake.

Nature viewing is first in line of recreational activities. Attentive wildlife management has been geared not to just game animals. Equal consideration has been extended to increasing the numbers and diversity of species including neo-tropical songbirds, butterflies, turtles, frogs, rabbits, chipmunks, dragonflies, owls and hawks.

Stargazing-Planet Observation
Complete darkness can be still be found on areas of the property, thereby affording the opportunity to view the night sky in all its brilliant wonder.

Water-sports enthusiasts will find the nearby New River ideal for swimming, canoeing, fishing, kayaking, tubing, snorkeling, paddle boarding and windsurfing.

Mountain Biking, Horseback Riding and Hiking
The gently laying land may be used for conventional and mountain biking, hiking or horseback riding

Shooting-sports devotees find all the land and privacy needed to enjoy:

• Paintball-Airsoft-Laser Tag-Archery tag
• Shotgun sport shooting including Skeet, Trap, Double Trap and Sporting Clays
• Rifle & Handgun shooting: bullseye, silhouette, western, bench rest, long-range, fast draw
• Archery and Crossbow competition shooting
• Plain ole’ plinking: Grandpa’s old 22 single shot rifle and a few tin cans make a fun day

All Terrain Motorsports
Crystal Spring has internal roads and several forest trails that are perfect for experiencing the property from an ATV or UTV. These exciting machines handle the wide variety terrain.

Rock Crawling & Rock Bouncing
A few areas of the property afford a topographic opportunity for the Extreme Off Road adventurist to enjoy the increasingly popular Motorsport of Rock Crawling and Rock Bouncing.

Dirt bikes can also be a lot of fun and they come in all sizes and horsepower to fit anyone who enjoys being on two wheels.

Hunting is a first-class experience. White tail deer, black bear, red/gray fox, bobcat, wild turkey, grouse, duck, squirrel, raccoon, fox and rabbit make up the resident wildlife population. It is hard to find a property that has a better mix of wildlife.

FOREST/TIMBER RESOURCES

The abundant timber resource, consisting of about 80 acres, is well positioned for current timber income as well as value appreciation over the coming decades. With an attractive species mix, adequate stocking levels, and favorable diameter class distribution, the timber amenity represents a strong component of value to the investor.

The Crystal Spring’s forest resource is composed of quality Appalachian hardwoods and a few Eastern Red Cedar. This timber resource can provide a great deal of flexibility to the next ownership in terms of potential harvest revenue and could be managed to provide cash flow opportunities to offset holding cost and long-term asset appreciation. Capital Timber Value of the timber and pulpwood has not been determined at this time.

The forest’s predominately well-drained upland terrain has led to a resource dominated by hardwood species. Overall, the species composition is highly desirable and favors Appalachian hardwood types, consisting primarily of Black Walnut, Sugar Maple, Poplar/Basswood, Red Oak Group, White Oak/Chestnut Oak, Soft Maple, Hickory, and a host of associated species (ash, cedar, birch, sourwood, black gum, beech).

Forest-wide, most stands are fully stocked, providing the next ownership with a great deal of flexibility in shaping their own silvicultural legacy. Stem quality forest-wide can be considered excellent.

The property’s timber component has been well managed over the years and consists of stands of differing age classes. The predominant timber stand contains 30-140-year-old stems ranging in size of 10”-30” dbh.

Diameters are well represented across the commercial spectrum with a notable mature size class, as well as abundant pole size timber and growing stock. Several “Heritage Trees” are scattered throughout the forest and old field edges. These ancient trees, some 200-300 years old, have withstood the test of time, weathering ice, wind, lightning strikes and fire.

The forest is healthy and there are no signs of pest infestations of Gypsy Moth. The Emerald Ash Borer, which has inundated the entire Northeast US, is present and the Ash component will significantly decline over the next decade. The Eastern Hemlock species is under siege by the Hemlock Wooly Adelgid and the hemlock will significantly decline over the coming decade. There have been no forest fires in recent memory.

The forest floor is home to several types of mushrooms, medicinal plants, wild ginseng, ferns and cool green mosses.

There are a few fruit trees scattered about, some of which were part of the early homestead. Crops of black walnuts and hickory nuts are produced each year from the abundant black walnut and hickory trees scattered about.

Honeybees would do well here, and it would be possible to produce maple syrup from the sugar and red maple trees growing on the property.

FOREST FARMING

The most common crops are medicinal herbs and mushrooms. Other crops that can be produced include shade-loving native ornamentals, moss, fruit, nuts, other food crops, and decorative materials for crafts. These crops are often referred to as special forest products.

Here are some specific examples of crops in each category that are currently being cultivated:

• Medicinal herbs: Ginseng, goldenseal, black cohosh, bloodroot, passionflower, and mayapple
• Mushrooms: Shiitake and oyster mushrooms
• Native ornamentals: Rhododendrons and dogwood
• Moss: Log or sheet moss
• Fruit: Pawpaws, currants, elderberries, and lowbush blueberries
• Nuts: Black walnuts, hazelnuts, hickory nuts, and beechnuts
• Other food crops: Ramps (wild leeks), maple syrup, and honey
• Plants used for decorative purposes, dyes, and crafts: Galax, princess pine, white oak, pussy willow branches in the spring, holly, bittersweet, and bloodroot and ground pine (Lycopodium)

WILDLIFE

Years of wildlife management practices have created the ideal wildlife preserve. Early on, management goals promoted overall wildlife health, facilitated the harvest of game, developed wildlife viewing areas, increased carrying capacity, and increased species diversity.

The Greenbrier River and New River are major contributors to the local ecosystem richness and diversity for both plants and animals. The 3 farm ponds and the surrounding aquatic plant life create a water supported community with a wide variety of wildlife. Some of the margins of the pond are fringed by wetlands, and these wetlands support the aquatic food web, provide shelter for wildlife, and stabilize the shore of the pond and banks downstream. The plant life associated with the wetland includes rushes, sedges, cattails, duckweed and algae.

There are many animals that live year round and at other times in the water and around the edges of the ponds and dashed blueline stream including raccoons, opossums, blue herons, Canada geese, wood ducks, mallards, minnows, native fish, turtles, salamanders, newts, crayfish, muskrats, bull frogs, eagles, hawks and redwing blackbirds.

There is the insect and microscopic world including butterflies, dragonflies, pond skaters, water beetles, damselflies, tadpoles and various insect larvae.

The diverse tree species, coupled with the abundant water supply from the ponds and creeks, creates the perfect wildlife habitat. The miles of “edge effect” created between farm fields, creeks, hollows, ridges, and rock outcrops benefit all the resident wildlife. Bald eagles, white tail deer, black bear, wild turkey, squirrel, rabbit, bobcat, raccoon, fox and many species of songbirds, owls and raptors make up the resident wildlife population.

The hardwood forest provides the essential nutrient source and produces tons of hard mast including acorns, hickory nuts, beech nuts and black walnuts. Soft mast includes stag horn sumac, black cherry, tulip poplar seeds, maple seeds, autumn olive berries and blackberries.

SELF-SUSTAINING LIFE OFF THE GRID

Just like 200 years ago, when the first mountaineers settled the area, the property would be self-sustaining in times of necessity – even without electricity.

• Fresh water for drinking and cooking would come from springs and drilled water wells (hand drawing water from the wells using a cylinder well bucket).
• The ponds and forest would provide fresh food (fish, deer, and turkey).
• The agricultural land’s flat to rolling topography would be used to raise livestock of all kinds (chickens, pigs, cows, sheep, goats, rabbits etc.) and could be farmed with horse drawn equipment. The land would support vegetable gardens, berry patches, fruit orchards, and row crops of corn, oats and barley.
• Beehives would provide honey and beeswax for candles.
• The forest would provide firewood for heating and cooking, lumber for building, basket splints, maple syrup and pounds of nuts (walnuts, beechnuts and hickory nuts).

GEOLOGY

Crystal Spring is nestled between the folded Ridge and Valley Province to the east and the younger Allegheny Plateau to the west. The Greenbrier River flows 162 miles southwest and empties into the world’s third oldest river, the New River.

The farm has many interesting “riches from the earth” in the form of sandstone, shale, fossils, geodes, and curious rock outcrops.

Just 45 miles north of the farm you can take a trip through time riding on I-64 from Dawson to the WV/VA boundary showcasing outcrops from the younger Mississippian formations to the older Devonian mountains.

The rich coal fields lying 50 miles to the northwest were formed about 300 million years ago during the Pennsylvanian and Permian periods when the West Virginia area was south of the equator and moving north. Coal, a combustible sedimentary rock, formed when our area was covered with huge, tropical, swampy forests where plants – giant ferns, reeds and mosses – grew. When the plants died they piled up in swamps. Over time, heat and pressure transformed the buried materials into peat and into various forms of coal. These prehistoric coalfields continue to provide energy and industry to residents of West Virginia, the nation, and the world.

The Droop Sandstone, a very hard, quartz-rich rock originally deposited as sand beaches along an ancient shoreline, is especially prominent in the area. Numerous sheer rock cliff formations are created by the erosion-resistant Droop Sandstone. Locally, the Muddy Creek Mountain quarry produces decorative sandstone from the Droop that is known worldwide for its beauty and durability.

SALT SULPHUR SPRINGS

Salt Sulphur Springs is north of the property and is a popular wedding venue and is the scene of select community advents.

The area is well known for the healing waters of the numerous “Sulphur Springs”. During the 1800’s and early 1900’s, several “Sulphur Springs Resorts” flourished in the area. Most notably and still in existence are White Sulphur Springs, Warm Springs and, Hot Springs. Others included, Sweet Springs, Blue Sulphur Springs, Red Sulphur Springs, Green Sulphur Springs, Pence Springs and, Sweet Chalybeate Springs.

During the height of wealthy families’ summer treks to the Virginia springs resorts—from roughly 1800 until the Civil War—one popular circuit encompassed “the fountains most strongly impregnated with minerals, heat, fashion, and fame,” according to one chronicler. For those arriving from eastern Virginia and points northeast, the circuit started at Warm Springs northeast of Lewisburg, in the Allegheny Mountains. From there, it ran south and west to the Hot, the White Sulphur, the Sweet, the Salt Sulphur, and the Red Sulphur, then back in the opposite direction.

The “Old Salt” was famed for its three springs: sweet, salt sulphur, and iodine, curative especially for “chronic diseases of the brain” such as headaches.

The main hotel building dates to about 1820. Salt Sulphur Springs Historic District holds one of the largest groupings of pre-Civil War native stone buildings in West Virginia.

RED SULPHUR SPRINGS

Red Sulphur Springs, located just a few miles north east of Crystal Spring, was once was the site of another popular mineral spring resort from the 1820s until World War I. The spring water emerges from the ground at 54 degrees F. and leaves a purplish-red sulfurous deposit which was used to treat skin conditions. The water was believed to be useful in the treatment of tuberculosis. Modern analysis shows the water to be high in bicarbonate, sulfate, and calcium. Around 1920, the buildings were dismantled, and the resort ceased operation.

ARCHEOLOGY

Crystal Spring is located in the Indian Creek, New River Valley – Greenbrier River Valley region and contains interesting Native American artifacts.
Native American Indians who lived in the River Valleys of the Ohio, Kanawha, Greenbrier and Roanoke, as well as northern Georgia, upper SC and Tennessee where part of the Archaic Period culture. This culture lasted from about 10,000 to 3,000 BP (before present day).

Native American artifact collectors search for, and have found, arrowheads, spear points, tomahawks, tools and toys (marbles) in the region of the valleys. Most of the artifacts would be from the Archaic period and can be readily found on any flat areas on the creek that would be one foot higher than the creek’s bank.

The American Native Indians who lived in what is now West Virginia led a Stone Age lifestyle – they only had stone tools and weapons, had never seen a horse and had no knowledge of the wheel.

There are many famous Native American tribes who played a part in the history of the state and whose tribal territories and homelands are located in West Virginia. The names of the tribes included the Cherokee, Iroquois, Manahoac, Meherrin, Monacan, Nottaway, Occaneechi, Saponi and Shawnee.
Other famous Tribes of Eastern Woodlands: Miami, Lenape, Iroquois, Massachusett, Powhatan, Abenaki, Shawnee and Pequot, Fox, Sauk, Wampanoag, Delaware, Huron (Wyandot), Mohawk, Mohican and Menominee.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Monroe County School District
Public Elementary School:
Peterstown Elementary School
Mountain View Elementary School

Public Middle School:
Peterstown Elementary School
Mountain View Middle School

Public High School:
James Monroe High School